Trazabilidad en la cadena de suministro de empresas de alimentos en Latinoamérica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37787/ersc2h77Palabras clave:
Trazabilidad, cadena de suministro, blockchain, IoT - Internet de las cosas, industria alimentaria en LatinoaméricaResumen
La implementación de sistemas de trazabilidad en la cadena de suministro de alimentos en Latinoamérica es la base para asegurar la inocuidad alimentaria y fortalecer la confianza del consumidor. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar el estado actual de los sistemas de trazabilidad en las empresas alimentarias de Latinoamérica identificando dificultades y proponiendo estrategias para mejorar su implementación. Se realizó una revisión de literatura evaluando 23 artículos de diversas bases de datos académicas (Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, Google Scholar y SciELO), con una muestra total de 88 trabajos publicados entre 2016 y 2024. Los estudios presentan un 28 % de investigaciones aplicadas y 72 % de investigaciones básicas, utilizando metodologías descriptivas (52%), exploratorias (36%) y explicativas (12%). Los resultados revelan que tecnologías como blockchain, IoT y gemelos digitales mejoran significativamente la trazabilidad y transparencia en la cadena de suministro, permitiendo una mejor gestión y reduciendo pérdidas. Sin embargo, desafíos como la falta de infraestructura y la necesidad de capacitación técnica limitan su adopción. Se concluye que, aunque las tecnologías emergentes pueden optimizar la cadena de suministro, es esencial abordar estos desafíos para maximizar sus beneficios y promover un sistema alimentario más eficiente y sostenible en la región.
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