Resistencia y beneficios ambientales de cenizas agrícolas y fibras naturales en el concreto
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37787/mv6d2q17Palabras clave:
Cenizas agrícolas, fibras naturales, propiedades del concreto, sustitución de cemento, fibras de celulosaResumen
Este artículo analiza el uso de residuos agrícolas y fibras naturales como materiales alternativos en la producción de concreto con el objetivo de reducir el consumo de cemento y el impacto ambiental. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de estudios publicados entre 2017 y 2025, en inglés y español, obtenidos de la base de datos Scopus y enfocados en las áreas de ingeniería y tecnología de materiales. Los residuos agrícolas, como la ceniza de cáscara de arroz con más del 70 % de óxidos puzolánicos, permiten reemplazar hasta el 20 % del cemento y mejorar la resistencia a la compresión en un 30 %. Por otro lado, las fibras naturales como la celulosa, kenaf y aguja de pino rojo incrementan la resistencia mecánica y la durabilidad del concreto. En particular, la adición de 0,5 % de fibra de celulosa reduce la penetración de agua en un 24 %, la permeabilidad en un 42 % y el ancho de grietas en un 85 %. Estos resultados evidencian que el uso de materiales de origen natural no solo mejora el desempeño del concreto, sino que a su vez contribuye a una construcción más sostenible.
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