Evaluación de la vulnerabilidad sísmica de edificaciones mediante métodos experimentales, computacionales y teóricos: Una revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37787/5jdqbj35Keywords:
Evaluación de vulnerabilidad, mampostería, métodos experimentales, métodos computacionales, métodos teóricosAbstract
La vulnerabilidad sísmica de las edificaciones es un factor crítico en la gestión del riesgo de desastres, especialmente en zonas de alta sismicidad como la provincia de Jaén (Perú). Esta revisión sistemática tuvo como objetivo determinar el nivel de vulnerabilidad (bajo, medio, alto) reportado por métodos experimentales, computacionales y teóricos en 31 estudios publicados entre 2021 y 2026. Los métodos experimentales reportaron vulnerabilidad muy alta en mampostería no reforzada, alta en hormigón armado deficiente y muros de corte con falla fuera del plano. Los computacionales clasificaron vulnerabilidad alta para edificios pre‑código (anteriores a 1985) y media para los de código moderno, con precisiones superiores al 99% usando redes neuronales. Los teóricos cuantificaron PGA de colapso entre 0.15g y 0.86g, con vulnerabilidad alta para puentes de pilas altas y mampostería no reforzada, y media para hormigón armado bien diseñado. Los tres enfoques convergen en que edificaciones antiguas, hormigón armado deficiente y mampostería no reforzada presentan vulnerabilidad media a alta. Se concluye que la mayoría de las tipologías evaluadas tienen vulnerabilidad media‑alta, destacando la mampostería no reforzada como la más crítica. Los métodos híbridos se perfilan como la vía más prometedora para evaluaciones precisas y contextualizadas en Jaén.
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