Estudio de caso sobre el liderazgo pedagógico en escuelas públicas peruanas

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37787/8x2nch74

Keywords:

escuela pública peruana, liderazgo instruccional, liderazgo pedagógico, pandemia, prácticas de liderazgo

Abstract

El objetivo de la investigación fue reconocer y caracterizar las prácticas de liderazgo de tres directores de escuelas públicas peruanas durante la pandemia. La investigación tuvo un enfoque cualitativo, diseño no experimental y utilizó el método de estudio de casos. Empleó un muestreo no probabilístico intencional para la selección de participantes, entrevista semiestructurada para la recolección de datos; y el análisis temático cualitativo de los datos recogidos. Se concluyó que, durante la pandemia, los líderes participantes demostraron mayor apropiación de ciertas funciones del liderazgo pedagógico, tales como: enmarcar la misión de la escuela, mantener una alta visibilidad y promover el desarrollo profesional; sin embargo, tuvieron serias dificultades en otras funciones, tales como: comunicar los objetivos de la escuela, coordinar el currículo, monitorear el progreso de los estudiantes, proteger el tiempo de enseñanza, y proveer incentivos para los estudiantes y docentes.

Author Biography

  • Martin Cautivo Querevalú Pazos, The University of Queensland

    I have recently completed my master’s degree at The University of Queensland in the field of Educational Leadership. My early experience was related to science teaching before embarking on a Postgraduate Scholarship Program from the Peruvian government. Working for six years in different middle schools allowed me to understand better the Peruvian education system, which is embedded in noticeable cultural, social, and economic differences. My academic background, indigenous ethnic roots and teaching experience in disadvantageous contexts have spurred my passion for creating opportunities for other students from disadvantaged backgrounds to develop their potential through education. My research interest is exploring educational issues stemming from Instructional Leadership in Peruvian contexts, inquiry-based science teaching, and developing students’ 21st-century skills through new science teaching models. Consequently, my current focus is to delve into Science Education, Educational Leadership and Professional Development to build teachers’ leadership capacity to transform their schools, provide better educational opportunities and develop their communities.

References

Alanoglu, M. (2022). The role of instructional leadership in increasing teacher self-efficacy: a meta-analytic review. Asia Pacific Education Review, 23(2), 233–244. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-021-09726-5

Aldaz, A., Rabasco, M., & Ullauri, J. (2023). Habilidades sociales y liderazgo pedagógico en directores de instituciones públicas: una revisión de la literatura en los últimos 5 años. Revista Científica FIPCAEC (Fomento de La Investigación y Publicación Científico-Técnica Multidisciplinaria), 8(2), 228–246. https://www.fipcaec.com/index.php/fipcaec/article/view/823

Anselmus-Dami, Z., Budi-Wiyono, B., Imron, A., Burhanuddin, B., Supriyanto, A., & Daliman, M. (2022). Principal self-efficacy for instructional leadership in the perspective of principal strengthening training: work engagement, job satisfaction and motivation to leave. Cogent Education, 9(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2022.2064407

Antonio-Martel, M. G., & Herrera-Álvarez, A. M. (2019). El liderazgo pedagógico del director desde la mirada de los docentes. Revista Gestión I+D, 4(2), 31–46. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=7468001

Atkins, L., & Wallace, S. (2012). Interviewing in Educational Research. In Qualitative research in education (pp. 85–106). SAGE Publications Ltd.

Azorín, C. (2020). Beyond COVID-19 supernova. Is another education coming? Journal of Professional Capital and Community, 5(3/4), 381–390. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPCC-05-2020-0019

Azorín, C., & Fullan, M. (2022). Leading new, deeper forms of collaborative cultures: Questions and pathways. Journal of Educational Change, 23(1), 131–143. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10833-021-09448-w

Berkovich, I., & Hassan, T. (2022). Principals’ digital instructional leadership during the pandemic: Impact on teachers’ intrinsic motivation and students’ learning. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1177/17411432221113411

Biesta, G. (2017). Educational leadership for what? An educational examination. The Wiley International Handbook of Educational Leadership, 15–27. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118956717.ch1

Biesta, G. (2020a). Risking Ourselves in Education: Qualification, Socialization, and Subjectification Revisited. Educational Theory, 70(1), 89–104. https://doi.org/10.1111/edth.12411

Biesta, G. (2020b). What constitutes the good of education? Reflections on the possibility of educational critique. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 52(10), 1023–1027. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2020.1723468

Broughton, S. (2019). Case Study Research. In H. Van den Bulck, M. Puppis, K. Donders, & V. A. L. (Eds.), The Palgrave Handbook of Methods for Media Policy Research. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi-org.ezproxy.library.uq.edu.au/10.1007/978-3-030-16065-4_4

Casas-Mallma, A. C. (2019). Liderazgo pedagógico, nuevas perspectivas para el desempeño docente. Investigación Valdizana, 13(1), 51–60. https://doi.org/10.33554/riv.13.1.171

Chávez, L. M., Castro, M. C., Urquizo, J. A., & Majo, H. R. (2022). Liderazgo pedagógico aplicado a la práctica docente en tiempos de crisis pandémica en Perú. Revista de Ciencias Sociales, 28(Especial 5), 124–134.

Chuquihuanca-Yacsahuanca, N., Fernández-Mantilla, M. M., Gonzáles-Sánchez, M. del C., Chunga-Silva, L. J., Girón-Valenzuela, R. A., Estrada-Gaibor, S. V., & Campoverde-Nieves, G. R. (2021). Liderazgo pedagógico directivo y calidad educativa en instituciones de educación básica regular del Perú. Revista Latinoamericana de Difusión Científica, 4(6), 181–191. https://doi.org/10.38186/difcie.46.11

Cisneros, G., & Ledesma, M. (2021). Liderazgo pedagógico directivo en un contexto de trabajo remoto por la emergencia sanitaria, COVID-19. Revista de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica “Llamkasun,” 2(3), 10–27. https://llamkasun.unat.edu.pe/index.php/revista/article/view/52/58

Coleman, M. (2020). Leading the change to establish a whole-school nurturing culture. Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties, 25(1), 68–79. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632752.2019.1682244

Contreras, T. S. (2016). Liderazgo pedagógico, liderazgo docente y su papel en la mejora de la escuela: una aproximación teórica. Propósitos y Representaciones, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.20511/pyr2016.v4n2.123

D’Aquino, M., & Barrón, V. (2020). Proyecto y Metodología de la investigación. Editorial Maipue.

Day, C., Gu, Q., & Sammons, P. (2016). The Impact of Leadership on Student Outcomes: How Successful School Leaders Use Transformational and Instructional Strategies to Make a Difference. Educational Administration Quarterly, 52(2), 221–258. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X15616863

Dutta, V., & Sahney, S. (2022). Relation of principal instructional leadership, school climate, teacher job performance, and student achievement. Journal of Educational Administration, 60(2), 148–166. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEA-01-2021-0010

Flores, F., García, C., Condori, Y., & Pacho, G. (2022). Liderazgo directivo para la educación virtual en la institución educativa de Perú. Encuentros. Revista de Ciencias Humanas, Teoría Social y Pensamiento Crítico, 17, 228–237. https://doi.org/http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7527660

Fouda, A. Y. (2020). Introducing the Zoom interview: tips for job hunting during the coronavirus pandemic. Nature, 582(7811), 299–300. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-01618-9

Fullan, M. (2001). Leading in a Culture of Change. John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated.

Fullan, M. (2020). The nature of leadership is changing. European Journal of Education, 55(2), 139–142. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejed.12388

Graham, L. (2021). Leading in times of uncertainty. Hydrocarbon Processing, April 2021, 20–21.

Greenfield, T., & Greener, S. (2016). Research Methods for Posgraduates (Third edition). Wiley. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/biblioucv/reader.action?docID=4644084&query=research+methods

Guadalupe, C., León, J., Rodríguez, J., & Vargas, S. (2017). Capítulo 3: Docentes y directores de la Educación Básica Regular. In Estado de la Educación en el Perú (pp. 103–144). Grupo de Análisis para el Desarrollo (GRADE). https://doi.org/10.15381/rsoc.v0i27.18979

Hallinger, P. (2003). Leading educational change: Reflections on the practice of instructional and transformational leadership. Cambridge Journal of Education, 33(3), 329–351. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305764032000122005

Hallinger, P. (2009). Leadership for 21st Century Schools: From Instructional Leadership to Leadership for Learning. In Chair Professors Public Lecture Series of The Hong Kong Institute of Education.

Hallinger, P. (2011). Leadership for learning: lessons from 40 years of empirical research. Journal of Educational Administration, 49(2), 125–142. https://doi.org/10.1108/09578231111116699

Hallinger, P. (2020). Science mapping the knowledge base on educational leadership and management from the emerging regions of Asia, Africa, and Latin America, 1965–2018. Educational Management Administration and Leadership, 48(2), 209–230. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143218822772

Hallinger, P., & Murphy, J. (1985). Assessing the Instructional Management Behavior of Principals. The Elementary School Journal, 86(2), 217–247. https://doi.org/10.1086/461445

Hallinger, P., Wang, W. C., Chen, C. W., & Li, D. (2015). Assessing instructional leadership with the principal instructional management rating scale. Assessing Instructional Leadership with the Principal Instructional Management Rating Scale, 1985, 1–204. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15533-3

Hammersley, M. (2020). Transcription of speech. In M. R. M. Ward & S. Delamont (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative education research (pp. 374–379). ProQuest Ebook Central. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788977159.00044

Hammett, P. (2020). Leading in times of fear and uncertainty. Agri Marketing, 58(3), 14.

Harris, A. (2008). Distributed leadership: according to the evidence. Journal of Educational Administration, 46(2), 172–188. https://doi.org/10.1108/09578230810863253

Harris, A., Azorín, C., & Jones, M. (2021). Network leadership: a new educational imperative? International Journal of Leadership in Education, 00(00), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603124.2021.1919320

Harris, A., & Jones, M. (2020). COVID-19 – School leadership in disruptive times. School Leadership & Management, 40(4), 243–247. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2020.1811479

Hernández-Sampieri, R., & Mendoza-Torres, C. (2018). Metodología de la Investigación. Las rutas cuantitativas, cualitativas y mixtas. McGraw-Hill Education.

Holguin, J., Villena, M., Soto, C., & Panduro, J. (2020). Competencias digitales, liderazgo distribuido y resiliencia docente en contextos de pandemia. Revista Venezolana de Gerencia, 25(4), 38–53. https://www.produccioncientificaluz.org/index.php/rvg/article/view/35175

Imad, M. (2020). 10 Leadership Strategies in Times of Uncertainty. Women in Higher Education, 29(5), 9–15. https://doi.org/10.1002/whe.20845

INEI. (2020). Acceso de los hogares a las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (TIC). In Estadísticas de las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación en los Hogares. https://www.inei.gob.pe/media/MenuRecursivo/boletines/04-informe-tecnico-tic-iii-trimestre2020.pdf

Izquierdo, M. (2015). Informantes y muestreo en investigación cualitativa. Informantes y Muestreo En Investigación Cualitativa, 17(30), 1148–1150. https://doi.org/10.33132/01248146.65

Kafa, A. (2021). Advancing School Leadership in Times of Uncertainty: The Case of the Global Pandemic Crisis. Leading & Managing, 27(1), 37–50.

Kilag, O. K. T., & Sasan, J. M. (2023). Unpacking the Role of Instructional Leadership in Teacher Professional Development. Advanced Qualitative Research, 1(1), 63–73. https://doi.org/10.31098/aqr.v1i1.1380

Lambert, L. (2005). What Does Leadership Mean? Journal of Staff Development, 26(2).

Leithwood, K., & Sun, J. (2012). The Nature and Effects of Transformational School Leadership. Educational Administration Quarterly, 48(3), 387–423. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X11436268

Liu, Y., Li, L., & Huang, C. (2022). To what extent is shared instructional leadership related to teacher self-efficacy and student academic performance in China? School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 33(3), 381–402. https://doi.org/10.1080/09243453.2022.2029746

Marvasti, A., & Tanner, S. (2020). Interviews with individuals. In S. Ward, M. R. M., & Delamont (Ed.), Handbook of qualitative education research (pp. 329–337). ProQuest Ebook Central. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788977159.00039

McKnight, L., & Whitburn, B. (2020). Seven reasons to question the hegemony of Visible Learning. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 41(1), 32–44. https://doi.org/10.1080/01596306.2018.1480474

MINEDU. (2014). Marco de Buen Desempeño del Directivo. http://www.minedu.gob.pe/n/xtras/marco_buen_desempeno_directivo.pdf

Nawab, A., & Noor, T. (2023). “My supervisors first check school cleanliness”: Factors inhibiting instructional leadership practices in Northern Sindh, Pakistan. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 174114322311775. https://doi.org/10.1177/17411432231177532

Nurabadi, A., Suhariadi, F., Mardiyanta, A., Triwiyanto, T., & Adha, M. A. (2022). Digital principal instructional leadership in the new normal era. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE), 11(3), 1090–1098. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v11i3.22483

Otzen, T., & Manterola, C. (2017). Técnicas de Muestreo sobre una Población a Estudio. International Journal of Morphology, 35(1), 227–232. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-95022017000100037

Pachay, M., & Rodríguez, M. (2021). La deserción escolar: Una perspectiva compleja en tiempos de pandemia. Polo Del Conocimiento, 6(1), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.23857/pc.v6i1.2129

Pashiardis, P., & Brauckmann-Sajkiewicz, S. (2022). Unraveling the business of educational leaders in times of uncertainty. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 50(2), 307–324. https://doi.org/10.1177/17411432211055327

Querevalú-Pazos, M. (2022). Directores como Líderes Pedagógicos: Estudio de caso sobre las prácticas de Liderazgo en una Escuela Pública Peruana. Revista Científica Searching de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales, 3(2), 15–32. https://doi.org/10.46363/searching.v3i2.1

Robinson, V. M. J., Lloyd, C. A., & Rowe, K. J. (2008). The impact of leadership on student outcomes: An analysis of the differential effects of leadership types. Educational Administration Quarterly, 44(5), 635–674. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X08321509

Robson, J. (2020). Online methods in educational research. In S. Ward, M. R. M., Delamont (Ed.), Handbook of qualitative education research (pp. 349–359). ProQuest Ebook Central.

Sahlberg, P. (2012). Global Educational Reform Movement is here! https://pasisahlberg.com/global-educational-reform-movement-is-here/

Sahlberg, P. (2020). Will the pandemic change schools? Journal of Professional Capital and Community, 5(3/4), 359–365. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPCC-05-2020-0026

Shaked, H. (2022). Instructional leadership during the COVID-19 pandemic: The case of Israel. Educational Management Administration & Leadership. https://doi.org/10.1177/17411432221102521

Shaked, H. (2023). How organizational management supports instructional leadership. Journal of Educational Administration, 61(1), 60–77. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEA-07-2022-0101

Simons, H. (2009). Case study research in practice. SAGE Publications Ltd.

Smith, M. (2018). Case study research strategy. In Research methods in sport (pp. 145–159). SAGE. Learning Matters. https://www-doi-org.ezproxy.library.uq.edu.au/10.4135/9781526433992.n8

Snook, I., Clark, J., Harker, R., O’Neill, A. M., & O’Neill, J. (2010). Critic and conscience of society: A reply to John Hattie. New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies, 45(2), 93–98.

Stone-Johnson, C., & Miles Weiner, J. (2020). Principal professionalism in the time of COVID-19. Journal of Professional Capital and Community, 5(3/4), 367–374. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPCC-05-2020-0020

Swanborn, P. (2010). What data to collect? In Case study research (pp. 73–96). SAGE Publications.

Thornton, K. (2021). Leading through COVID-19: New Zealand secondary principals describe their reality. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 49(3), 393–409. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143220985110

Tight, M. (2017). Case study research. In D. Wyse, N. Selwyn, E. Smith, & L. E. Suter (Eds.), The BERA/SAGE Handbook of Educational Research: Two Volume Set (pp. 376–394). SAGE Publications Ltd.

UNESCO. (2021). Un año de educación perturbada por la COVID-19: ¿Cómo está la situación? UNESCO.

Vásquez, M. R., Salazar, J. C., & Ortega, M. (2023). Liderazgo pedagógico del directivo: Una gestión centrada en la mejora de aprendizajes. Revista Conrado, 19(92), 18–27.

Vásquez-Villanueva, S., Vásquez-Campos, S. A., Vásquez-Villanueva, L., Carranza-Quevedo, M. F., Vásquez-Villanueva, C. A., & Terry-Ponte, O. F. (2021). Liderazgo pedagógico y el desempeño docente: la imagen de instituciones educativas privadas. Horizontes. Revista de Investigación En Ciencias de La Educación, 5(17), 178–194. https://doi.org/10.33996/revistahorizontes.v5i17.166

Volante, L., Schnepf, S., Jerrim, J., & Klinger, D. A. (2019). Socioeconomic Inequality and Student Outcomes. Cross-National Trends, Policies, and Practices (L. Volante, S. V. Schnepf, J. Jerrim, & D. A. Klinger, Eds.; Vol. 4). Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9863-6

Williamson, R., & Michigan, E. (2020). The Three Cs of Leading Change During Remote Learning: Culture, Communication, and Collaboration. Australian Educational Leader, 42(4), 12–15.

Downloads

Published

2023-09-24

Data Availability Statement

Declaramos bajo juramento que ponemos a disposición del público los datos de la investigación para que puedan ser accedidos por los lectores/as.

Issue

Vol. 11 No. 2 (2023): Revista Científica Pakamuros

Section

Artículos Originales

License

Copyright (c) 2023 Revista Científica Pakamuros

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Querevalú Pazos, M. C. (2023). Estudio de caso sobre el liderazgo pedagógico en escuelas públicas peruanas. Pakamuros Scientific Journal, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.37787/8x2nch74

Similar Articles

1-10 of 269

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.