Evaluación del daño y recuperación de la capacidad portante del concreto tras la exposición al fuego
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37787/t0wzg155Palabras clave:
concreto, fuego, resistencia, spalling, capacidad portanteResumen
El presente artículo realiza un análisis comparativo de diversas investigaciones enfocadas en el desempeño del concreto frente a elevadas temperaturas, considerando particularmente la degradación y posible recuperación de su capacidad estructural tras un incendio. Se examinan estudios que abordan variables como el tipo de concreto utilizado, la incorporación de fibras metálicas o sintéticas, la adición de materiales puzolánicos, los métodos de enfriamiento aplicados y las técnicas de diagnóstico post-fuego. Los hallazgos revisados indican que el uso de fibras de acero o vidrio puede contribuir a mejorar la estabilidad térmica del concreto, aunque su efectividad depende del tipo de mezcla y de las condiciones térmicas alcanzadas. Del mismo modo, la incorporación de ceniza volante ha mostrado efectos positivos en la resistencia residual del concreto autocompactante. Se incluyen tanto enfoques experimentales como modelaciones teóricas que permiten evaluar daños térmicos y fenómenos como el desprendimiento explosivo (spalling). Esta revisión permite identificar patrones recurrentes, contradicciones metodológicas y vacíos de conocimiento, subrayando la necesidad de criterios unificados para la evaluación estructural post-incendio. En conjunto, se resalta el valor de integrar estos conocimientos en el diseño y recuperación de estructuras afectadas por el fuego.
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